解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (1, 3-BPG) to ADP, producing 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) and ATP. PGK1 plays a key role in coordinating glycolytic energy production with one-carbon metabolism, serine biosynthesis, and cellular redox r...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002243
更新日期:2015-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::The recent United States measles epidemic has sparked another contentious national discussion about childhood vaccination. A growing number of parents are expressing concerns about the safety of vaccines, often fueled by misinformation from the internet, books, and other nonmedical sources. Many of these concerned par...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002227
更新日期:2015-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the highly conserved class of BEACH domain containing proteins (BDCPs) have been established as broad facilitators of protein-protein interactions and membrane dynamics in the context of human diseases like albinism, bleeding diathesis, impaired cellular immunity, cancer predisposition, and neurological dys...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002188
更新日期:2015-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past two decades, neuroscientists have increasingly turned their attention to the question of how the brain implements decisions between differently valued options. This emerging field, called neuroeconomics, has made quick progress in identifying a plethora of brain areas that track or are modulated by rewar...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002174
更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Modern whole-organism genome analysis, in combination with biomass estimates, allows us to estimate a lower bound on the total information content in the biosphere: 5.3 × 1031 (±3.6 × 1031) megabases (Mb) of DNA. Given conservative estimates regarding DNA transcription rates, this information content suggests biospher...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002168
更新日期:2015-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Low reproducibility rates within life science research undermine cumulative knowledge production and contribute to both delays and costs of therapeutic drug development. An analysis of past studies indicates that the cumulative (total) prevalence of irreproducible preclinical research exceeds 50%, resulting in approxi...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002165
更新日期:2015-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::A new study identifies an unexpected role for lysophosphatidic acid in modulating the strength of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the brain, but by different mechanisms. Read the accompanying Research Article. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002154
更新日期:2015-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::The Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines were developed to address the lack of reproducibility in biomedical animal studies and improve the communication of research findings. While intended to guide the preparation of peer-reviewed manuscripts, the principles of transparent reporting ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002151
更新日期:2015-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Blood vascular networks in vertebrates are essential to tissue survival. Establishment of a fully functional vasculature is complex and requires a number of steps including vasculogenesis and angiogenesis that are followed by differentiation into specialized vascular tissues (i.e., arteries, veins, and lymphatics) and...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002148
更新日期:2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002125.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002163
更新日期:2015-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Pollen tube (PT) reception in flowering plants describes the crosstalk between the male and female gametophytes upon PT arrival at the synergid cells of the ovule. It leads to PT growth arrest, rupture, and sperm cell release, and is thus essential to ensure double fertilization. Here, we describe TURAN (TUN) and EVAN...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002139
更新日期:2015-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::The authors of "Relatedness, Conflict, and the Evolution of Eusociality" respond to objections raised by Martin Nowak and Benjamin Allen. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002133
更新日期:2015-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Instead of combating the acidification of the host cell vacuole, Salmonella acidifies its own cytoplasm in response to the low extracellular pH, helping it to secrete effector molecules. ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002117
更新日期:2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::A cell is a minifactory in which structures and molecules are assembled, rearranged, disassembled, packaged, sorted, and transported. Because cellular structures and molecules are invisible to the human eye, students often have difficulty conceptualizing the dynamic nature of cells that function at multiple scales acr...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002118
更新日期:2015-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Modification of proteins by SUMO is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. During DNA replication, the Mms21-branch of the SUMO pathway counteracts recombination intermediates at damaged replication forks, thus facilitating sister chromatid disjunction. The Mms21 SUMO ligase docks to the arm region of the ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002089
更新日期:2015-03-12 00:00:00
abstract::How often do people visit the world's protected areas (PAs)? Despite PAs covering one-eighth of the land and being a major focus of nature-based recreation and tourism, we don't know. To address this, we compiled a globally-representative database of visits to PAs and built region-specific models predicting visit rate...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002074
更新日期:2015-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::In eukaryotes, the highly conserved U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) base-pairs to multiple sites in the pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) to promote early cleavage and folding events. Binding of the U3 box A region to the pre-rRNA is mutually exclusive with folding of the central pseudoknot (CPK), a universally conserved r...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002083
更新日期:2015-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::No organism lives in a constant environment. Based on classical studies in molecular biology, many have viewed microbes as following strict rules for shifting their metabolic activities when prevailing conditions change. For example, students learn that the bacterium Escherichia coli makes proteins for digesting lacto...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002068
更新日期:2015-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Do neuronal oscillations play a causal role in brain function? In a study in this issue of PLOS Biology, Helfrich and colleagues address this long-standing question by attempting to drive brain oscillations using transcranial electrical current stimulation. Remarkably, they were able to manipulate visual perception by...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002032
更新日期:2014-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::While the timing of neuronal activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) relative to sniffing has been the object of many studies, the behavioral relevance of timing information generated by patterned activation within the bulbar response has not been explored. Here we show, using sniff-triggered, dynamic, 2-D, optogenetic st...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002021
更新日期:2014-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Progress in science often begins with verbal hypotheses meant to explain why certain biological phenomena exist. An important purpose of mathematical models in evolutionary research, as in many other fields, is to act as “proof-of-concept” tests of the logic in verbal explanations, paralleling the way in which empiric...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002017
更新日期:2014-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen, and its ingestion through foods such as rice presents a significant risk to human health. Plants chemically reduce arsenate to arsenite. Using genome-wide association (GWA) mapping of loci controlling natural variation in arsenic accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana allowed us to ide...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002009
更新日期:2014-12-02 00:00:00
abstract::Commensal microbes, whether they are beneficial or pathogenic, are sensitive to host processes that starve or swamp the prokaryote with large fluctuations in local zinc concentration. To understand how microorganisms coordinate a dynamic response to changes in zinc availability at the molecular level, we evaluated the...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001987
更新日期:2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::How do we defend ourselves against pathogenic microbes and other parasites infecting us? Research on defence against parasites has traditionally focused on resistance--the ability to prevent infection or limit parasite replication. The genetics, physiology, and evolutionary ecology of such traits are now relatively we...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001989
更新日期:2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::DEAD-box helicase proteins accelerate folding and rearrangements of highly structured RNAs and RNA-protein complexes (RNPs) in many essential cellular processes. Although DEAD-box proteins have been shown to use ATP to unwind short RNA helices, it is not known how they disrupt RNA tertiary structure. Here, we use sing...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001981
更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::For decades, embalmed cadavers have played an important role in teaching anatomy to the scientists and doctors of the future. Most anatomy departments use a traditional formaldehyde-based embalming method, but formalin embalming makes the bodies very rigid, which limits their usefulness for procedures other than disse...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001971
更新日期:2014-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is the mechanism by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes and degraded. This process has become a major focus of biological and biomedical research with thousands of papers published each year and rapidly growing appreciation that autophagy affects many normal and pathological processes. However,...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001967
更新日期:2014-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Courtship is a widespread behavior in which one gender conveys to the other a series of cues about their species identity, gender, and suitability as mates. In many species, females decode these male displays and either accept or reject them. Despite the fact that courtship has been investigated for a long time, the g...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001964
更新日期:2014-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic XPD helicase is an essential subunit of TFIIH involved in both transcription and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Mutations in human XPD are associated with several inherited diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. We performed a comparative analysis of XPD f...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001954
更新日期:2014-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::From early dinosaurs with as many as nine wrist bones, modern birds evolved to develop only four ossifications. Their identity is uncertain, with different labels used in palaeontology and developmental biology. We examined embryos of several species and studied chicken embryos in detail through a new technique allowi...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001957
更新日期:2014-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive evolution is generally assumed to progress through the accumulation of beneficial mutations. However, as deleterious mutations are common in natural populations, they generate a strong selection pressure to mitigate their detrimental effects through compensatory genetic changes. This process can potentially i...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001935
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotypic heterogeneity can confer clonal groups of organisms with new functionality. A paradigmatic example is the bistable expression of virulence genes in Salmonella typhimurium, which leads to phenotypically virulent and phenotypically avirulent subpopulations. The two subpopulations have been shown to divide lab...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001928
更新日期:2014-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane bioenergetics are universal, yet the phospholipid membranes of archaea and bacteria-the deepest branches in the tree of life-are fundamentally different. This deep divergence in membrane chemistry is reflected in other stark differences between the two domains, including ion pumping and DNA replication. We re...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001926
更新日期:2014-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is a neuron-specific phosphatase that regulates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, as well as ERK1/2, p38, Fyn, and Pyk2 activity. STEP is overactive in several neuropsychiatr...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001923
更新日期:2014-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::The p75 neurotrophin receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is required as a co-receptor for the Nogo receptor (NgR) to mediate the activity of myelin-associated inhibitors such as Nogo, MAG, and OMgp. p45/NRH2/PLAIDD is a p75 homologue and contains a death domain (DD). Here we report th...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001918
更新日期:2014-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Cell differentiation is remarkably stable but can be reversed by somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and iPS. Nuclear transfer to amphibian oocytes provides a special opportunity to test transcriptional reprogramming without cell division. We show here that, after nuclear transfer to amphibian oocytes, mitotic...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001914
更新日期:2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Hosts are likely to respond to parasitic infections by a combination of resistance (expulsion of pathogens) and tolerance (active mitigation of pathology). Of these strategies, the basis of tolerance in animal hosts is relatively poorly understood, with especially little known about how tolerance is manifested in natu...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001901
更新日期:2014-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Central mechanisms by which specific motor programs are selected to achieve meaningful behaviors are not well understood. Using electrophysiological recordings from pharyngeal nerves upon central activation of neurotransmitter-expressing cells, we show that distinct neuronal ensembles can regulate different feeding mo...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001893
更新日期:2014-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are being used to generate whole genome sequences for a wide range of crop species. When combined with precise phenotyping methods, these technologies provide a powerful and rapid tool for identifying the genetic basis of agriculturally important traits and for predicting ...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001883
更新日期:2014-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::The intrinsic flexibility of proteins allows them to undergo large conformational fluctuations in solution or upon interaction with other molecules. Proteins also commonly assemble into complexes with diverse quaternary structure arrangements. Here we investigate how the flexibility of individual protein chains influe...
journal_title:PLoS biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001870
更新日期:2014-05-27 00:00:00